He was confirmed by the full Senate on Dec. 6, 1971, and he and Mr. Rehnquist were sworn in as the 99th and 100th members of the Court on Jan. 7, 1972.Justice Powell approached his new job without any great relish. Mrs. Powell died in 1996. Mr. Powell believed that such resistance would be deeply destructive. He gave speeches, gently but pointedly reminding his former colleagues of the importance of civility and adherence to precedent. ''I have come to think that capital punishment should be abolished,'' he said.He described his view as based on pragmatic concerns rather than on questions about the morality or constitutionality of the death penalty itself. He was a member of the Virginia State Board of Education from 1961 to 1969, serving as its president for the 1968-69 term.At that time, Virginia was dominated by the Democratic machine of Senator Harry F. Byrd, who advocated stiff resistance to the Supreme Court's 1954 desegregation decision. Challengers to the death penalty in Georgia presented statistics showing that killers of whites were more likely to be sentenced to die than those whose victims were black. ""He spent his whole adult life fighting these issues and going after racism and so a man with that kind of bravery built into him is an incredible individual, and he was," Powell said, adding that Lewis "will always be remembered as an individual who did all he could for America, and all he could for African Americans, and not only African Americans now, but anybody else who is considered somewhat different. The messenger could have been charged with murder.In the interview, Justice Powell said he visited the city prosecutor on the young man's behalf. But they were precise and potentially devastating to the argument of any lawyer who did not have the answer. ''But in 1985, with the political debate over church and state at a peak, Justice Powell provided the fifth vote striking down parochial aid programs in New York City and Grand Rapids, Mich. His concurring opinion in Aguilar v. Felton, the New York case, cited the ''continuing risk of continuing political strife,'' noting that ''the potential for such divisiveness is a strong additional reason'' for finding the programs unconstitutional. He also kept an office in the Federal courthouse in Richmond. ''TimesMachine is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers. Yet as a Virginia civic leader and later as a Supreme Court Justice, he stood for moderation and consensus-building on matters of race.He played a pivotal role on a Court that was marked by sharp ideological divisions. His soft manner did not hide the quick and tough mind that had served him both as a lawyer and as head of the Richmond school board in the 1950's, a troubled decade during which he argued successfully against the ''massive resistance'' campaign that some white city leaders advocated in defiance of the Supreme Court's desegregation mandates.According to his biographer, Prof. John C. Jeffries Jr. of the University of Virginia Law School, a burning ambition and desire to excel drove Mr. Powell as a young lawyer into positions of leadership in his law firm, his profession, and his community; an ability to win the confidence of clients and colleagues made his success possible.Lewis Franklin Powell Jr. was born in Suffolk, Va., on Sept. 19, 1907, into a family with deep roots in the region.

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